Delegating portions of an index of an enterprise

ABSTRACT

A method for enabling querying independently of a computerized system about objects thereof, comprising providing a computer linked to the computerized system with replications of entries of an index of the computerized system that comprise data derived from contents of the objects, where said entries correspond to a subset of objects that are identified as related objects, thereby enabling the computer, based on the provided replications, to query locally and independently of the computerized system about the related objects according to contents thereof, and an apparatus for performing the same.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure generally relates to indexing of objects of andenterprise, and more specifically to replicating portions of the indexof an enterprise in an external computer.

Computers systems or computerized systems, particularly such of anenterprise, generally comprise numerous linked computers that store andhandle plenty of objects such as files. Thus, in some cases at least, inorder to efficiently and quickly retrieve objects, an index or inventoryof objects is constructed and maintained. Generally, tracking objects inthe computerized system may affect the computerized system such as interms of response time or cost of equipment.

SUMMARY

One exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter is a method forenabling querying independently of a computerized system about objectsthereof, comprising providing a computer linked to the computerizedsystem with replications of entries of an index of the computerizedsystem that comprise data derived from contents of the objects, wheresaid entries correspond to a subset of objects that are identified asrelated objects, thereby enabling the computer, based on the providedreplications, to query locally and independently of the computerizedsystem about the related objects according to contents thereof, and anapparatus for performing the same.

Another exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter is anapparatus for enabling querying independently of a computerized systemabout objects thereof, comprising a computerized system comprising an atleast one storage device storing an index of objects of the computerizedsystem and an at least one processing component, wherein thecomputerized system is configured by a program operable in the at leastone processing component to provide an at least one computer withreplications of entries of the index that comprise data derived fromcontents of the objects, where said entries correspond to a subset ofobjects that are identified as related objects, thereby enabling the atleast one computer, based on the provided replications, to query locallyand independently of the computerized system about the related objectsaccording to contents thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some non-limiting exemplary embodiments or features of the disclosedsubject matter are illustrated in the following drawings.

Identical or duplicate or equivalent or similar structures, elements, orparts that appear in one or more drawings are generally labeled with thesame reference numeral, optionally with an additional letter or lettersto distinguish between similar entities or variants of entities, and maynot be repeatedly labeled and/or described.

Dimensions of components and features shown in the figures are chosenfor convenience or clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shownto scale or true perspective. For convenience or clarity, some elementsor structures are not shown or shown only partially and/or withdifferent perspective or from different point of views.

References to previously presented elements are implied withoutnecessarily further citing the drawing or description in which theyappear.

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates an enterprise as a computerized systemand a client computer connectable and/or connected to the enterprise,according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 1B schematically illustrates the enterprise of FIG. 1A and theclient computer disconnected from the enterprise after receiving entriesof an index thereof, according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosedsubject matter;

FIG. 2A outlines operation of a computerized system for enablingquerying independently of the enterprise about objects thereof,according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; and

FIG. 2B outlines operations of a computerized system for enablingquerying independently of the enterprise about objects thereof as anexemplary elaboration of FIG. 2A, according to exemplary embodiments ofthe disclosed subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘enterprise’ implies a computerized system comprising a plurality ofcomputers communicating therebetween and having and/or sharing and/orcommunicating with a data storage device. The enterprise is alsoreferred to as a ‘computerized system’ and the data storage device alsoreferred to as ‘data storage’ or ‘storage’.

For brevity, referring to an operation of the enterprise, such assending of data, implies an operation of one or more components and/orcomputers of the enterprise.

Generally, without limiting, an enterprise comprises several computersin a range between about 10 computers and about 1000 computers or more.Optionally, an enterprise comprises less than 10 computers, notprecluding having one computer as, for example, a mainframe computer.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘object’ implies a data element of the enterprise, such as a document, afile, an email, share point list, or a database and/or a construct thatcontains or associated with other objects, such as a folder or adirectory.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘property’ of an object implies a feature or aspect of and/or respectiveand/or corresponding to an object. For example, a name, an address in astorage device and/or a link to a network storage device, an ownership,an access history of an object, an access permissions to an object, aclassification, or an attribute of an objects such as set or maintainedby an operating system such as creation date and time of an object,entity or person creating and/or amending an object, size of an object,type of an object, tags with information about an object, and so forth.,Accordingly, properties of an object comprise one or more property ofand object, and likewise, an object corresponds to the propertiesthereof.

In some cases or embodiments, without limiting, referring to propertiesof an object implies referring to part of the properties and/or to aproperty of the object. For brevity, according to the context, referringto properties implies properties of an object and/or objects.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘index’ implies a constructs such as an inventory or a catalog havingdata or information of and/or about objects by the contents thereof. Thedata or information about an object and contents thereof is constructedin an entry of the index, so that the entry corresponds to or isrespective to object and vise versa. Thus, the index reflect

Generally and without limiting, an index comprises elements of thecontents of objects, such as keywords and/or phrases and/or extractsand/or citations and/or excerpts from the objects and/or derivationsthereof such as stems, and at least optionally information about thelocations of the elements in the objects. In some embodiments, the indexcomprises properties of objects or, alternatively, the properties areseparately stored and maintained.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘indexing’ or an index operation imply compiling and constructing dataor information about and/or of contents of objects in an index.

For brevity, properties having one or more common or related elementsand/or similar elements and/or other relationships therebetween arereferred to as similar properties and/or as related properties, andobjects respective or corresponding to similar properties are referredto as similar objects and/or as related objects.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘indexing server’ denotes one or more data processing apparatusesconfigured to index content of objects of the enterprise and to maintainthe index. In some embodiments, the indexing server is configured tostore the properties of the objects in one or more storage devices suchas in a database where, optionally, the database comprises an index or apart thereof.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘client computer’ refers to a computer and/or a computerized device sucha smartphone or tablet computer, that externally linked and/or linkableto the enterprise such as to a component of the enterprise. For example,the client computer is linkable to the enterprise by a communicationfacility or facilities, such as by a network as the internet, or awireless or a telephonic mobile communication or any method ofcommunication or a combination of communication methods. In the contextof the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the term ‘connect’and variations thereof refer to linking by way of a communicationfacility or facilities.

In the context of the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated,referring to a local operation with respect to a client computer impliesan operation performed in the client computer.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, the term‘connect’ or ‘link’ implies either directed communication connectionand/or indirect communication such as via a network and/orinterconnections of components.

In some embodiments, without limiting, a client computer is operatedand/or controlled by a human operator which is also referred to a user.In some embodiments, referring to an operation of a client computerimplies an operation controlled by a human operator of the clientcomputer.

In the context of the present disclosure, without limiting, referring toa client computer being on-line and off-line with respect an enterpriseimplies that the client computer is linked or not lined to theenterprise, respectively.

The terms cited above denote also inflections and conjugates thereof.

Generally, an enterprise stores numerous objects that are indexed inentries of an index of the enterprise.

A common or an ordinary scenario with an enterprise is where a clientcomputer linked to the enterprise queries about objects of theenterprise, such as in searching for the objects, based on the contentsof the objects as reflected or manifested in the entries of the index.

One technical problem dealt by the disclosed subject matter is reducinga computational and/or a communication load of an enterprise in queriesabout objects of the enterprise by client computers linked to theenterprise.

Another technical problem dealt by the disclosed subject matter iseliminating a communication load in querying about objects of theenterprise by client computers.

A technical solution according to the disclosed subject matter isconfiguring the enterprise to replicate in the client computers at leasta part of the index thereof, thereby enabling the client computers tolocally query about objects of the enterprise that correspond to entriesof the replications without communicating with the enterprise andquerying the index thereof.

In some embodiments, the enterprise provides the client computers withthe replications responsive to a certain circumstance or an event. Forexample, responsive to a request from the client computers or responsiveto the client computers linking to the enterprise. Optionally oralternatively, the enterprise actively ‘pushes’ the replications to theclient computers.

Thus, once the replications are received and stored in the clientcomputers, the client computers can locally query about objects thatcorrespond to entries of the replications independently of theenterprise and regardless of linkage with the enterprise.

A potential technical effect of the disclosed subject matter is clientcomputers operative to query about objects of the enterpriseindependently of the enterprise.

It is noted that referring to client computers does not preclude oneclient computer.

A general non-limiting overview of practicing the present disclosure ispresented below. The overview outlines exemplary practice of embodimentsof the present disclosure, providing a constructive basis for variantand/or alternative and/or divergent embodiments, some of which aresubsequently described.

In some embodiments according to the present disclosure, an enterpriseprovides duplications or replications of parts of an index thereof, suchas entries of the index, to one or more client computers. Thus, havingreceived the duplications or replications of parts of the index, the oneor more client computers can locally and independently of the enterprisequery about objects that correspond to entries in the parts of theindex, thereby at least potentially alleviating processing load and/orcommunications bandwidth demands of the enterprise and the one or moreclient computers.

In some embodiments, the enterprise provides a client computer withreplications of parts of the index of the enterprise based on somecommonality and/or relations between objects, with a potential rationalethat if one or more of the objects are queried about there is alikelihood that other related objects would be required of called forlater on.

For example, in case a client computer requested and/or queried theenterprise about one or more objects thereof, the enterpriseresponsively provides the client computer with replications of entriesof the index the correspond to the one or more objects together withreplications of entries that correspond to similar objects of theenterprise as determined by properties of the objects, such as byownership, access histories, permissions or classifications.

As another example, when a client computer is about to switch from anon-line state to an off-line state, such as for traveling, the clientcomputer requests the enterprise for replications of index entriescorresponding to objects that the operator of the client computer isinterested in or is associated with. Responsively, the enterpriseprovides replications of the requested entries, optionally together withreplications of entries that correspond to similar objects.

In some embodiments, responsive to the client computer linking and/orconnecting to the enterprise, the enterprise provides the clientcomputer with replications of entries of the index that correspond toobjects that relate to and/or associated with the client computer and/oridentity thereof and/or operator thereof. For example, responsive todetection by the enterprise that the client computer is connected, theenterprise provides to the client computer replications of entries thatcorresponds to objects for which the operator of the client computer hasownership and/or access permissions.

In some embodiments, the enterprise initiates sending duplications orreplications of parts of the index to a client computer. For example,encountering numerous queries by a client computer about objects of theenterprise, the enterprise reacts by sending, or ‘pushing’, to theclient computer replications of entries corresponding to the recentlyqueried objects, optionally with replications of entries correspondingto similar objects. A potential rationale for such a reaction by theenterprise is that there is a considerable likelihood that the clientcomputer would further query about the objects and/or similar ones.Thus, the enterprise pushes the replications rather than responding toqueries and/or requests of the client computer.

As another example, when the client computer is linked to the enterpriseand creates and/or modifies objects of the enterprise, in response theenterprise pushes replications of the entries that correspond to thecreated and/or modified objects to the client computer, optionallytogether with replication of entries corresponding to objects previouslycreated and/or modified by the client computer. A potential rationalefor pushing replications of entries corresponding to created and/ormodified objects to the client computer is allowing the client computerto query about objects the client computer has handled taking intoconsideration that potentially the client computer is likely to queryabout such objects. It is noted that the client computer has handledobjects by creating and/or modifying objects that are considered similarsuch as by ownership and/or access permissions of the client computerand/or operator thereof.

In some embodiments, the enterprise provides replications of entries toa plurality of client computers. For example, replications of entriescorresponding to objects for which a first client computer and/oroperator thereof have ownership and/or access permission are provided tothe first client computer. Likewise, replications of entriescorresponding to objects for which a second client computer and/oroperator thereof have ownership and/or access permission are provided tothe second client computer. Further, both the first client computer andthe second client computer are provided with replications of entriescorresponding to objects having a common property with the objectscorresponding to the provided replications, such as a commonclassification.

In some embodiments, two or more client computers exchange or transferreplications of entries therebetween. For example, a first clientcomputer locally queries about an object by entries thereof. In case nosuch object is identified, the first client computer tries tocommunicate with other client computers that might share a communicationand/or network and queries the other client computers for replicationsof entries corresponding to the queried object. If such replicationsentries are found, the client computer with the found replications sendsthe found replications to the first client computer. It is noted thatthe exchange of replications of entries, at least in some embodiments,is carried out independently of the enterprise and without interruptingor loading the enterprise.

If no replication or replications of entries corresponding to thequeried object are found in other client computers, the first clientcomputer may or does communicate with the enterprise and obtainstherefrom the replications of entries that correspond to the queriedobject.

In some embodiments, a client computer communicates with the enterprisefor further replication of entries, such as corresponding to queriedobjects, regardless of other client computers.

It is noted that by providing the client computer with suitableduplications or replications of parts of the index of the enterprise,the need for the client computer to further communicate with theenterprise is diminished, at least potentially. For example, providingreplications of parts of the index that correspond to objects that arerelated therebetween by having more than one similar property,optionally providing replications of parts of the index that correspondto objects having resembling though not common properties and/orproperties that are partly common or shared by the objects. For example,providing replications of parts of the index that correspond to objectsof the same department regardless of properties but, optionally, thatthe objects have access permission for the client computer and/oroperator thereof. As a further example, providing replications of a partof the index that correspond to objects that are related therebetween byany other relationship, such as objects residing in a certain part ofthe enterprise or objects that were backed-up within a certain time,optionally the object having some relationship with the client computersuch as access permission for the operator of the client computer.

It is noted that objects may be related by any combination of propertiesthereof and/or any other relationships.

Generally and without limiting, the related objects comprise a subset ofthe objects of the enterprise, where one subset of related objects may,at least partly, coincide with another subset of related objects. Yet,in some embodiments or cases, a subset of related objects includes allthe objects of the enterprise, for example, when the enterprise only hasrelated objects, so that a subset of related objects includes the set ofobjects of the enterprise rather than a part of the set of objects ofthe enterprise.

In some embodiments, the provided replications of entries areconstructed in an index of the client computer, so that, optionally, theclient computer may locally query about objects in a analogous manner asquerying the enterprise, yet independently of the enterprise.

It is emphasized that the entries comprise data of and/or based and/orderived from the contents of the corresponding objects. Thus, queries orsearches with criteria that relate to contents of objects correspondingto the replications of entries can be carried out based on the entrieswithout actually accessing the objects.

In some embodiments, the replications of parts of an index of anenterprise are not necessarily exact duplications of entries of theindex as long as the replications comprise data of and/or derived fromthe contents of the objects as reflected in the entries. For example,the replications may not include administrative data of the enterprisewith respect to the index and/or entries thereof, or the replication maybe constructed in a different manner relative to the constructions ofthe entries of the index of the enterprise.

For brevity, a query and/or request and/or any other operation of theclient computer with the enterprise regarding objects of the enterpriseare also referred to as an interaction of the client computer with theenterprise with respect to objects of the enterprise, where referring toobjects of the enterprise does not preclude referring to one objectthereof.

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates an enterprise 100 as a computerizedsystem and a client computer 120 connectable and/or connected toenterprise 100 via a communication link 118, according to exemplaryembodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The connection or link ofclient computer 120 to enterprise 100 may be direct and/or indirect viainterconnections of components and/or computers of enterprise 100.

Enterprise 100 comprises a storage 116, representing any number ofstorage devices, which stores therein objects 130 of enterprise 100.Objects 130 are illustrated by object 130 a to object 130 e,representing any number of objects as illustrated by triplet-dots 138.Any object of objects 130 may be a simple or a basic object or file,such as represented by object 130 c, or may be a compound or a containerof other objects as represented, for example, by object 130 a.

Enterprise 100 comprises an index-storage 112 that stores and maintainsan index 110 of objects 130, as illustrated by dotted lines 192extending from index-storage 112.

Index 110 comprises entries 102 respective or corresponding to objects130, as further illustrated by triplet-dots 108.

Enterprise 100 also comprises a properties-storage 114 that stores andmaintains properties of objects 130 in a construct such as list and/or acatalog and/or database respective to objects 130, for brevity referredto as a properties-catalog (not shown).

In some embodiments, client computer 120 represents any number of clientcomputers, denoted as a client computer 120 a to a client computer 120n, as illustrated also by a dashed line 196, and connectable and/orconnected to enterprise 100, directly and/or indirectly, via acommunication link 118 a to a communication link 118 n, respectively.

By way of example, entries 102 respective to object 130 a and object 130b are denoted as entries 104, and entries 102 respective to object 130 cto object 130 e are denoted as entries 106. Further by way of example,entries 106 correspond to similar objects as judged by and/or based onthe properties of objects 130, such as in the properties-catalog, withrespect to object 130 c to object 130 e. Yet further by way of example,client computer 120 is linked to enterprise 100.

Thus, in some embodiments, upon certain circumstances, some of whichdescribed above, enterprise 100 sends replications of entries 106 toclient computer 120 via communication link 118. Having receivedreplications of entries 106, client computer 120 can and/or may un-linkand/or disconnect from enterprise 100 and still be able to query aboutobjects that correspond to entries 106.

It is noted that by the way of example object 130 c to object 130 e area subset of objects 130, yet the subset of object 130 c to object 130 erepresents any subset of objects 130 that are related therebetween basedon at least one property thereof

FIG. 1B schematically illustrates enterprise 100 and client computer 120after receiving of replications 122 of entries 106 of index 110 thatcorrespond to object 130 c to object 130 e, according to exemplaryembodiments of the disclosed subject matter. Client computer 120 isdisconnected from enterprise 100 as schematically illustrated by abroken arrow 198 rather than communication link 118.

It is also noted that in case objects corresponding to entries in clientcomputer 120, such as replications 122 of entries 106, are modifiedand/or deleted in enterprise 100, in some embodiments enterprise 100amends the entries in client computer 120 accordingly, either by pushingand/or responsive to client computer 120 linking to enterprise 100.

In some embodiments, client computer 120 is configured to receivereplications 122 of entries 106 such as in index 124 thereof, eitherresponsive to query and/or request from enterprise 100 and/or byenterprise 100 that pushes replications 122 of entries 106 to clientcomputer 120. Likewise, in some embodiments, enterprise 100 isconfigured to provide replications 122 of entries 106 and/or amendedentries to client computer 120 either by a response to client computer120 and/or by pushing of replications 122 to client computer 120.

In some embodiments, client computer 120 comprises in a storage thereofan index 124, as illustrated schematically by dotted lines 194.Accordingly, in some embodiments, client computer 120 storesreplications 122 of entries 106 in index 124 as a local index of clientcomputer 120. Thus, querying about objects respective to replications122 can or may be executed locally in a manner akin to querying aboutobjects in enterprise 100 when client computer 120 is linked withenterprise 100.

It is noted that the description with respect to client computer 120 isby way of example, and may and/or does apply to any one of clientcomputer 120 a to client computer 120 n. Further, any one of clientcomputer 120 a to client computer 120 n may be provided withreplications of entries corresponding to a different subset of objectsrather than object 130 c to object 130 e.

In some embodiments, enterprise 100 comprises one or more processingcomponents (not shown) as one or more processors and/or computers, and aprogram operable and/or operative in the one or more processingcomponents to carry out the operations according to the operationexemplified above, though not limited to the operation exemplifiedabove.

It is noted that reference to a plurality of entries and replicationsthereof does not preclude an entry corresponding to one object and areplication of the entry. For example, the enterprise provides areplication of an entry corresponding to one object associated, such asby ownership, with an operator of client computer connected to theenterprise. Further, optionally, based on the received replication theclient computer is provided with more replications of entriescorresponding similar objects as the one object.

It is also noted that index-storage 112 and/or properties-storage 114may be implemented in a plurality of devices.

It is noted that index 110 and the properties-catalog may be combined,such as in a database and/or another construct such as a list.

FIG. 2 outlines operation of a computerized system for enabling queryingindependently of the enterprise about objects thereof, according toexemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

In operation 202 replications of entries of an index of the computerizedsystem that comprise data derived from contents of the objects areprovided by the computerized system to a computer linked to thecomputerized system, where said entries correspond to a subset ofobjects of the computerized system that are identified as relatedobjects.

For example, referring to the example with respect to FIGS. 1A-1B,replications 122 of entries 106 that correspond to object

Thus, based on the provided replications, the computer is enabled toquery locally and independently of the computerized system about therelated objects according to contents thereof, also when the computer isnot linked to the computerized system.

FIG. 2B outlines operations of a computerized system for enablingquerying independently of the enterprise about objects thereof as anon-limiting exemplary elaboration of operation 202 of FIG. 2A,according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

In operation 212 related objects of a computerized system are identifiedbased on at least one property of the objects of a computerized system.

For example, objects referred to in an interaction of a computer linkedto the computerized system and/or objects associated with the computerand/or the objects that relate to or associated with an operator of thecomputer are identified based on one more properties of the objects thatare at least partially common among the objects, such as ownership,access permission, access history and/or other properties such asclassification.

In operation 214 entries corresponding to the identified objects in anindex of the computerized system are determined.

In operation 216 replications of the determined entries are formed. Insome embodiments, the replications are constructed in a different mannerrelative to the corresponding entries of the index of the computerizedsystem, but preserve the data derived from contents of the objects asconstructed and/or stored in the entries of the index.

In operation 218 the computerized system sends the replications to acomputer linked to the computerized system. Generally, without limiting,the replications are sent to the computer by which or according to whichthe objects were referred to as exemplified above.

There is thus provided according to the present disclosure a method forenabling querying independently of a computerized system about objectsthereof, comprising providing a computer linked to the computerizedsystem with replications of entries of an index of the computerizedsystem that comprise data derived from contents of the objects, wheresaid entries correspond to a subset of objects that are identified asrelated objects, thereby enabling the computer, based on the providedreplications, to query locally and independently of the computerizedsystem about the related objects according to contents thereof.

In some embodiments, the objects of the subset of objects are identifiedas related objects based on at least one property of the subset ofobjects.

In some embodiments, the at least one property comprises a propertycommon to the subset of objects.

In some embodiments, the at least one property comprises a property thatis at least partly common to the subset of objects.

In some embodiments, he at least one property comprises a similarproperty of the subset of objects.

In some embodiments, the at least one property comprises a plurality ofproperties having at least one relationship therebetween.

In some embodiments, providing the computer with replications of entriesof the index is carried out by the computerized system responsive toconnection of the computer to the computerized system.

In some embodiments, providing the computer with replications of entriesof the index is carried out by the computerized system responsive to aninteraction of the computer with the computerized system with respect tothe objects of the computerized system.

In some embodiments, the interaction comprises a query by the computerabout at least one of the objects of the computerized system.

In some embodiments, the interaction comprises a request by the computerfor at least one of the objects of the computerized system.

In some embodiments, providing to the computer with replications ofentries of the index is initiated by the computerized system.

In some embodiments, the replications of entries of the index of thecomputerized system are constructed in the computer in a local index ofthe computer.

In some embodiments, the replications of entries of the index of thecomputerized system are formed in a different manner relative to entriesof the index of the computerized system.

There is thus further provided according to the present disclosure anapparatus for enabling querying independently of a computerized systemabout objects thereof, comprising a computerized system comprising an atleast one storage device storing an index of objects of the computerizedsystem and an at least one processing component, wherein thecomputerized system is configured by a program operable in the at leastone processing component to provide an at least one computer withreplications of entries of the index that comprise data derived fromcontents of the objects, where said entries correspond to a subset ofobjects that are identified as related objects, thereby enabling the atleast one computer, based on the provided replications, to query locallyand independently of the computerized system about the related objectsaccording to contents thereof.

In some embodiments, the program is operative to provide the at leastone computer with replications of entries of the index when the at leastone computer is connected to the computerized system.

In some embodiments, the program is operative to provide the at leastone computer with replications of entries of the index responsive to aconnection of the at least one computer to the computerized system.

In some embodiments, the program is operative to provide the at leastone computer with replications of entries of the index responsive to aninteraction of the at least one computer with respect to at least oneobject of the computerized system.

In the context of some embodiments of the present disclosure, by way ofexample and without limiting, terms such as ‘operating’ or ‘executing’imply also capabilities, such as ‘operable’ or ‘executable’,respectively.

Conjugated terms such as, by way of example, ‘a thing property’ impliesa property of the thing, unless otherwise clearly evident from thecontext thereof.

The terms ‘processor’ or ‘computer’, or system thereof, are used hereinas ordinary context of the art, such as a general purpose processor or amicro-processor, RISC processor, or DSP, possibly comprising additionalelements such as memory or communication ports. Optionally oradditionally, the terms ‘processor’ or ‘computer’ or derivatives thereofdenote an apparatus that is capable of carrying out a provided or anincorporated program and/or is capable of controlling and/or accessingdata storage apparatus and/or other apparatus such as input and outputports. The terms ‘processor’ or ‘computer’ denote also a plurality ofprocessors or computers connected, and/or linked and/or otherwisecommunicating, possibly sharing one or more other resources such as amemory.

The terms ‘software’, ‘program’, ‘software procedure’ or ‘procedure’ or‘software code’ or ‘code’ or ‘application’ may be used interchangeablyaccording to the context thereof, and denote one or more instructions ordirectives or circuitry for performing a sequence of operations thatgenerally represent an algorithm and/or other process or method. Theprogram is stored in or on a medium such as RAM, ROM, or disk, orembedded in a circuitry accessible and executable by an apparatus suchas a processor or other circuitry.

The processor and program may constitute the same apparatus, at leastpartially, such as an array of electronic gates, such as FPGA or ASIC,designed to perform a programmed sequence of operations, optionallycomprising or linked with a processor or other circuitry.

The term computerized apparatus or a computerized system or a similarterm denotes an apparatus comprising one or more processors operable oroperating according to one or more programs.

As used herein, without limiting, a module represents a part of asystem, such as a part of a program operating or interacting with one ormore other parts on the same unit or on a different unit, or anelectronic component or assembly for interacting with one or more othercomponents.

As used herein, without limiting, a process represents a collection ofoperations for achieving a certain objective or an outcome.

The term ‘configuring’ and/or ‘adapting’ for an objective, or avariation thereof, implies using at least a software and/or electroniccircuit and/or auxiliary apparatus designed and/or implemented and/oroperable or operative to achieve the objective.

A device storing and/or comprising a program and/or data constitutes anarticle of manufacture. Unless otherwise specified, the program and/ordata are stored in or on a non-transitory medium.

In case electrical or electronic equipment is disclosed it is assumedthat an appropriate power supply is used for the operation thereof.

The flowchart and block diagrams illustrate architecture, functionalityor an operation of possible implementations of systems, methods andcomputer program products according to various embodiments of thepresent disclosed subject matter. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or isportion of program code, which comprises one or more executableinstructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). Itshould also be noted that, in some alternative implementations,illustrated or described operations may occur in a different order or incombination or as concurrent operations instead of sequential operationsto achieve the same or equivalent effect.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. As usedherein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising” and/or “having” when used in this specification,specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The terminology used herein should not be understood as limiting, unlessotherwise specified, and is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosedsubject matter. While certain embodiments of the disclosed subjectmatter have been illustrated and described, it will be clear that thedisclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Numerousmodifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents arenot precluded.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A method for a client computer to independentlyquery a computerized system about objects thereof, the computerizedsystem including an index of objects with entries of information aboutrespective objects and a properties catalog storing with respect to eachentry properties of the respective object, the method comprising: in aprocessor of a client computer, sending to the computerized systemexternally linked to the client computer, a query about a first objecthaving a respective entry in the index stored in the computerizedsystem, so as to cause the computerized system to identify, based on atleast one property stored in the properties catalog, a relation betweenthe queried first object to at least one second object similar to thequeried first object, and respectively having at least one entry in thestored index; receiving, by the processor of the client computer fromthe computerized system, replications of the respective stored entriesof the queried first object and the at least one second object similarto the queried first object; receiving, by the processor, replicationsof entries corresponding to objects of the computerized system that werepreviously created or modified by the client computer, that are pushedby the computerized system to the client computer upon the computerizedsystem identifying when the client computer creates or modifies objectsof the computerized system, and querying, by the processor, locally andindependently of the computerized system, objects related to objectspreviously handled by the client computer using the providedreplications.
 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at leastone property comprises a property common to the queried first object andthe at least one second object.
 23. The method according to claim 21,wherein the at least one property comprises a property that is at leastpartly common to the queried first object and the at least one secondobject.
 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least oneproperty comprises a similar property of the queried first object andthe at least one second object.
 25. The method according to claim 21,wherein the at least one property comprises a plurality of propertieshaving at least one relationship therebetween.
 26. The method accordingto claim 21, wherein receiving the replications of the respective storedentries of the first object and the at least one second object isresponsive to connection of the client computer to the computerizedsystem.
 27. The method according to claim 21, wherein receiving thereplications of the respective stored entries of the queried firstobject and the at least one second object is responsive to aninteraction of the client computer with the computerized system withrespect to the objects of the computerized system.
 28. The methodaccording to claim 27, wherein the interaction comprises a query by theclient computer about at least one of the objects of the computerizedsystem.
 29. The method according to claim 27, wherein the interactioncomprises a request by the client computer for at least one of theobjects of the computerized system.
 30. The method according to claim21, wherein receiving by the client computer replications of therespective stored entries of the queried first object and the at leastone second object is initiated by the computerized system.
 31. Themethod according to claim 21, wherein the replications of the respectivestored entries of the queried first object and the at least one secondobject are constructed in the client computer.
 32. The method accordingto claim 21, wherein the replications of the respective stored entriesof the queried first object and the at least one second object areformed in a different manner relative to entries of the queried firstobject and the at least one second object of the computerized system.33. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one propertyis selected from a group consisting of: ownership, access histories,permissions and classifications.
 34. The method according to claim 21,further comprising locally querying, by the processor, about objectswithout querying the index when the computerized system replicates atleast a part of the index in the client computer, based on a certaincircumstance or an event, prior to the client computer sending the queryto the computerized system.
 35. A client computer to independently querya computerized system about objects thereof, the computerized systemincluding an index of objects with entries of information aboutrespective objects and a properties catalog storing with respect to eachentry properties of the respective object, the client computercomprising: a memory; and a processor configured to execute a code, thecode comprising instructions for: sending to the computerized systemexternally linked to the client computer, a query about a first objecthaving a respective entry in the index stored in the computerizedsystem, so as to cause the computerized system to identify, based on atleast one property stored in the properties catalog, a relation betweenthe queried first object to at least one second object similar to thequeried first object, and respectively having at least one entry in thestored index; receiving from the computerized system, replications ofthe respective stored entries of the queried first object and the atleast one second object similar to the queried first object; receivingreplications of entries corresponding to objects of the computerizedsystem that were previously created or modified by the computer, thatare pushed by the computerized system to the client computer upon thecomputerized system identifying when the client computer creates ormodifies objects of the computerized system, and querying, locally andindependently of the computerized system, objects related to objectspreviously handled by the client computer using the providedreplications.
 36. The client computer according to claim 35, wherein thecode comprises instructions for providing the client computer withreplications of entries of the index when the client computer isconnected to the computerized system.
 37. The client computer accordingto claim 35, wherein the code comprises instructions for providing theclient computer with replications of entries of the index responsive toa connection of the client computer to the computerized system.
 38. Theclient computer according to claim 35, wherein the code comprisesinstructions for, providing the client computer with replications ofentries of the index responsive to an interaction of the client computerwith respect to the first object of the computerized system.
 39. Theclient computer according to claim 35, wherein the at least one propertyis selected from a group consisting of: ownership, access histories,permissions and classifications.
 40. The client computer according toclaim 35, wherein the code comprises instructions for locally queryingabout objects without querying the index, when the computerized systemreplicates at least a part of the index in the client computer, based ona certain circumstance or an event, prior to sending the query to thecomputerized system.